Europe


Europe 

• 6th largest continent 

• Consists of westernmost part of Eurasia 

• Situated entirely in Northern hemisphere and mostly in eastern hemisphere

Surrounded by 

• In North Arctic Ocean 

• In West Atlantic Ocean 

• In south Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea 

• East Asia

Europe Continent 

• Total countries: 51 including Cyprus and Armenia 

• Largest: Russia (39, 72,400 km^2) 39% of the continent 

• Smallest: Vatican City (.44km^2) • Highest population: Russia 15% of Europe’s population Covers about 1018000 sq.km or 2% of the earth’s surface (6.8% of land area) 

Peninsulas of Europe 

6 major peninsulas in Europe 

• Northern Peninsulas:

  1. Scandinavian (Norway and Sweden) and
  2. Jutland Peninsula (Denmark and Northern part of Germany)

• Southern Peninsulas:

  1. Iberian Peninsula (Portugal, Spain and Andorra),
  2. Italian Peninsula (Italy, San Marino and the Vatican City),
  3. Balkan Peninsula (Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Macedonia, Moldova, Montenegro, Romania, Serbia, Kosovo, Slovenia and Turkey) and
  4. Crimean Peninsula (Sovereignty over the peninsula is currently disputed between Ukraine and the Russian Federation).

Major Landforms 

• Western Uplands/Northern Highlands

  1. It covers Scandinavian Peninsula, Scottish Highlands, and west side of France, Iberian Peninsula and Iceland.

  2. Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark), Finland, Iceland, Scotland, Ireland, the Brittany region of France, Spain, and Portugal.

  3. Defined by hard, ancient rock shaped by glaciations.

  4. Rich in marshlands, lakes, and fjords (fjords in Iceland and Scandinavia)

• North European Plains/Northern Lowlands

  1. Extend from UK’s eastern side and reach till Russia

  2. Includes parts of France, Belgium, Netherlands, Germany, Denmark, Poland, and the Baltic States (Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania) Belarus.

  3. Most lies below 152m in elevation – home to many navigable rivers Rhine, Weser, Elbe, Oder and Vistula.

• Central Uplands

  1. France and Germany

  2. Extend East – West across central Europe and include western France and Belgium, southern Germany, the Czech Republic, and parts of northern Switzerland and Austria.

  3. Lower in altitude and less rugged than Alpine region; densely forested

  4. Mainly two rivers drain the region: Rhine & Rhone

• Southern Alpine Region

  1. Balkan Peninsula, Alps (Dinaric Alps, Apennines), Pyrenees, Sierras.

  2. Include ranges in the Italian and Balkan peninsulas, northern France.

  3. The region includes the mountains of the Alps, Pyrenees, Apennines, Dinaric Alps, Balkans, and Carpathians

  4. High elevations, rugged plateaus, and steeply sloping land define the region

  5. The Alpine region also includes active volcanoes, such as Mount Etna and Mount Vesuvius in Italy

Mountain Region

The Alps

  1. Highest in Europe

  2. Stretching approximately 1200 km across eight countries: Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Liechtenstein, Monaco, Slovenia, and Switzerland.

  3. Separate Italy from the rest of Europe

  4. Mont Blanc (4807 m) is the highest peak.

Pyrenees

  1. It forms a natural border between France and Spain

  2. Isolate the Iberian Peninsula from rest of Europe

  3. It extend for about 500km. Aneto is the highest peak (11168 ft.)

  4. Andorra is a tiny sovereign state in the middle of the chain

Apennine Mountains

  1. Parallel smaller chains

  2. Extending 1200 km

  3. They split the Italian peninsula between east and west.

  4. Corno Grande- highest point 22912m

The Balkan Mountains

  1. Stretch from east of Serbia to the Black Sea at the east of Bulgaria.

  2. They extend for about 530km

  3. Highest peak is Mt. Olympus 2918m

Other Mountain Ranges: Caucasus Mountains

  1. Mountain system in Eurasia between Black Sea and Caspian Sea

  2. They form a natural barrier between Europe and Asia to the south.

  3. Europe’s highest mountain, Mount Elbrus, 5642m


Ural Mountains

  1. They form part of the traditional boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia,

  2. They stretch about 2500km and span Russia and Kazakhstan.

  3. Mount Narodnaya 1895m is the highest point

Islands in Europe

The larger islands: Great Britain, Ireland. Iceland, Greenland (all situated in the North Atlantic)

Smaller Mediterranean Sea islands: Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Balearic

Mt. Etna- Europe’s biggest active volcano situated on Sicily

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